Inventory forecasting: forecasting with fluctuating demand.
The key points
- The forecast estimates future demand per article and is the basis for safety stock and reorder point.
- No model hits the future exactly: the goal is a systematically small error, not the perfect point value.
- The right method depends on the demand pattern: smooth, trending, seasonal or sporadic.
- Sporadic articles (many zero days) need their own methods like Croston, not classic smoothing.
- The biggest lever is rarely the model, but the data quality before it.
Why do you even need a forecast?
Safety stock and reorder point assume an expected consumption. If you use the average of the past for it, you ignore trend and season and are systematically off: too much stock before the lull, too little before the peak. The forecast replaces the rear-view mirror with a look ahead.
Which method fits which pattern?
Which articles fall into which group is told to you by the ABC/XYZ analysis. The forecast is thus computed differently per class, not across the board.
How do you recognise a good forecast?
Not by the single hit, but by the error over time. Metrics like MAPE or bias show whether you're off on average and whether systematically up or down. A forecast with constant bias is worse than one with random noise: the one is correctable, the other honest.
Before you argue about methods, clean the history: one-off orders, in-plant consumption and discontinued articles distort every forecast. A simple model on clean data beats a complex one on dirty data.
Keep reading
ABC/XYZ analysis: a steerable assortment in 4 steps.
Inventory & PurchasingNever out of stock again: automatic demand forecasts in EazyStock.
Inventory & PurchasingFrom slow movers to fast movers: why you shouldn't procure every article the same way.
Inventory & PurchasingInventory optimisation in 3 steps: forecast, optimisation, procurement.
Inventory & PurchasingInventory planning: the second step in inventory management.
Inventory & PurchasingLogistics vs. supply chain management: definition and differences.
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