Inventory forecasting: forecasting with fluctuating demand.

The key points

  • The forecast estimates future demand per article and is the basis for safety stock and reorder point.
  • No model hits the future exactly: the goal is a systematically small error, not the perfect point value.
  • The right method depends on the demand pattern: smooth, trending, seasonal or sporadic.
  • Sporadic articles (many zero days) need their own methods like Croston, not classic smoothing.
  • The biggest lever is rarely the model, but the data quality before it.

Why do you even need a forecast?

Safety stock and reorder point assume an expected consumption. If you use the average of the past for it, you ignore trend and season and are systematically off: too much stock before the lull, too little before the peak. The forecast replaces the rear-view mirror with a look ahead.

Which method fits which pattern?

Which articles fall into which group is told to you by the ABC/XYZ analysis. The forecast is thus computed differently per class, not across the board.

How do you recognise a good forecast?

Not by the single hit, but by the error over time. Metrics like MAPE or bias show whether you're off on average and whether systematically up or down. A forecast with constant bias is worse than one with random noise: the one is correctable, the other honest.

Before you argue about methods, clean the history: one-off orders, in-plant consumption and discontinued articles distort every forecast. A simple model on clean data beats a complex one on dirty data.

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