ERP vs. inventory management: differences, pros, cons.

The key points

  • An inventory-management system (WaWi) steers the flow of goods: purchasing, warehouse, sales.
  • An ERP additionally covers finance, production and other areas: all core processes in one system.
  • For pure trading processes a good WaWi is often enough and is faster to roll out.
  • With production, multiple sites or integrated accounting, the WaWi hits its limits.
  • What matters for stock and supply capability isn't the label, but the data quality in the system.

What does an inventory-management system do?

Inventory management maps the path of the goods: create articles, order, book goods receipt, store, sell, deliver, invoice. For trading companies that's the core of the business, and that's exactly what WaWi systems are built for. Accounting typically runs in a separate program, connected via interface or export.

What does the ERP add?

An ERP integrates inventory management with everything around it: financial accounting, controlling, production, sometimes HR. Every goods movement directly generates the matching booking, and several companies and sites run in the same system. Functionally, inventory management is thus a subset of the ERP. What an ERP exactly is is explained by the fundamentals article.

Which system fits when?

The rule of thumb: as long as your business consists of buying, storing and selling, a good WaWi carries it. As soon as production, several companies or integrated accounting are added, the ERP saves more friction than it brings in complexity.

The system question is often asked too early. If stock and supply capability are the problem, first check master data and ordering rules in the existing system. A switch solves none of that automatically.

How much liquidity is tied up in your warehouse?

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